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In creating thin films of polymers by solution
processing, a common problem is the undesirable formation of bubbles during
the drying process. Several strategies can be employed to reduce the level
of bubble formation by changing conditions within the dryer or by using
different solvents. Practical experience shows that bubbles can be created
well below the boiling point of the solvent. Also, it has been observed
that the degassing of the polymer solutions result in reduced bubble formation,
indicating a relationship between the presence of air and bubble formation.
This work is based on a hypothesis that if the solubility of air in the
polymer solution increases with solvent concentration, then the solution
can become super saturated with air as the concentration of the solvent
is reduced during the drying process. To test this hypothesis we have chosen
the model system of polyvinyl acetate- toluene-nitrogen. Experimental methods
were developed to measure the solubility of nitrogen in the polymer-solvent
system as a function of solvent composition and temperature. The group-contribution,
lattice-fluid equation of state was used to correlate the thermodynamic
behavior of the ternary system, using experimental measurements to determine
key parameters in the equation of state. In addition, experiments were
conducted to measure the diffusion coefficients of the nitrogen and toluene
over a range of compositions and temperatures. A free-volume model was
then used to correlate the diffusivity data so that the diffusional behavior
of the ternary system can be predicted over a broad range of conditions.
Finally, the thermodynamic and diffusivity correlations were incorporated
into a multi-component drying model to predict saturation behavior in the
polymer solution during the drying process. |
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